The design work, shown in full.
In-depth guides to the City & Guilds 8202-35 Advanced Technical Diploma in Plumbing. Sizing, system design, commissioning and fault finding — worked through rather than summarised, with the numbers you are expected to know and where the marks actually go. Free to read, with a self-test at the end of each one.
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16 guides on cold water systems
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 331 actually covers — the Water Regulations, backflow, boosting, sizing, commissioning and handover — and where the marks are.
Level 3 Cold Water System Planning and Design: the Unit 331 Guide
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 331 actually covers — the Water Regulations, backflow, boosting, sizing, commissioning and handover — and where the marks are.
When the Water Inspector Turns Up: the Water Regulations, Read Backwards
The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 for Level 3: who can inspect, the five harms in Regulation 3, when to notify, and where liability sits.
Who Do You Have to Tell? Regulation 5, Building Control and the Ten Working Days
Which jobs are notifiable to the water undertaker, what the notice must contain, the ten working days rule, and why Building Control is a separate question.
Cisterns in Tall Buildings: the Mains Limit, the Break Cistern and the 50 mm Stack
How far mains pressure reaches, why the undertaker insists on a break cistern, and the warning pipe, overflow and inlet levels on a large storage cistern.
Booster Sets: Duplicate Pumps, the Pressure Vessel, and Which Switch Failed
Why booster sets use duplicate pumps, how pump duty and power are calculated, and how to diagnose a set that short-cycles or will not start at all.
Private Water Supplies: Boreholes, Springs, Treatment and the Three House Layouts
Wells, boreholes, springs and streams, the multiple barrier treatment principle, UV disinfection, and the three ways a private supply is brought into a house.
Specialist Taps, Flow and Pressure Valves, and Why the Shower Valve Weeps
Infra-red, non-concussive and spray taps, urinal flush controls, flow limiting against pressure reducing valves, shower pumps and mini expansion vessels.
Backflow: the Five Fluid Categories, and Every Air Gap That Answers Them
Back pressure against back siphonage, the five fluid categories, the three levels of protection, and the air gap types AA, AB, AD, AG, AUK1, AUK2 and AUK3.
RPZ Valves, Check Valves and Cross Connections: the Mechanical Half of Backflow
Type DC interrupters, RPZ valves, single and double check valves, filling loops, outside taps, and the rules on cross connections and identification.
Where the Design Comes From: the Law, the Standards, and Which Drawing Answers Which Question
Which documents govern a cold water design, what BS EN 806 and BS 8558 each give you, and which plan, elevation or section answers which question on site.
Sizing a Cold Water System: Loading Units, the Copper Table, Pump Duty and Accumulators
Available head and flow, loading units, cistern storage figures, the BS EN 806-3 pipe sizing table worked through a house, pump duty and accumulator sizing.
Diagnosing a Cold Water Fault: Four Sources, Four Readings, and Isolating It Safely
The four sources of fault information, what a customer can and cannot tell you, the readings that locate a fault, and the valves required for isolation.
Repairing a Cold Water System: Pumps, Backflow Devices, Galvanic Corrosion and the Seven Steps
Replacing gauges, PRVs and pumps, diagnosing booster controls, testing backflow devices, galvanic corrosion, and the seven steps to handover.
Inspect Dry, Fill Slowly, Test Once: Commissioning a Cold Water System
The dry visual inspection, the extra checks each system type needs, filling without air locks, and the soundness test pressures for metal and plastics.
Flush, Disinfect, Prove: the 50 mg/l Hour and the Readings That Follow It
Why test-flush-disinfect is the legal order, the flushing method, which jobs need disinfecting, the 50 and 30 mg/l figures, and how to balance a system.
The Commissioning Record, the Certificates, and What Handover Actually Means
What belongs on a commissioning record and what does not, how defects found on test are handled, the compliance certificates, and what handover means.
14 guides on hot water systems
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 332 covers: system types, unvented controls, discharge pipework, Legionella, sizing and commissioning — and the marks.
Level 3 Hot Water System Planning and Design: the Unit 332 Guide
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 332 covers: system types, unvented controls, discharge pipework, Legionella, sizing and commissioning — and the marks.
Every Hot Water System, and What Decides Which One You Fit
Centralised against localised, vented cylinders and their vent rules, direct and indirect, unvented, combis and instantaneous, thermal stores and solar.
Hot in the Store, Cool at the Tap: Every Temperature in a Hot Water Design
Why hot water is stored at 60 °C and delivered at 41, the flow, return and outlet figures, the 48 °C bath limit, and the difference between TMV2 and TMV3.
Long Dead Legs: Secondary Circulation, Trace Heating and the Half Litre Rule
The maximum uninsulated draw-off lengths, where the pump and return go, how a secondary circuit is balanced, and when trace heating is the better answer.
The Unvented Inlet Group: Why the Order Is Fixed, and Where the Expansion Goes
The six fittings of an unvented inlet group in order and why each protects the next, expansion vessels and relief valves, and the balanced cold take-off.
Three Levels of Safety, and the Discharge Pipe That Has More Rules Than Any Other
The three-tier unvented safety chain, the functional against safety split, and the D1, tundish and D2 discharge rules with a worked pipe size.
At the Outlet: Specialist Taps, Shower Pumps, Accumulators and Shock Arrestors
Infrared and non-concussive taps, flow limiters and spray taps, single against twin impeller shower pumps, accumulators on a weak main, and water hammer.
Choosing a Hot Water System: the People, the Building, and the Heat Source
Why hot water demand follows people rather than floor area, the three survey questions that site a cylinder, and what a heat pump or solar does to the choice.
The Documents, the Demand, and Every Hot Water Calculation Worked Through
Which documents are law and which are voluntary, the daily demand figures, the storage and reheat calculations, and how to size pipes and vessels.
Installing Hot Water: the Supply, the Insulation and the Discharge
The pressure and flow an unvented unit needs, the order of the inlet group, the uninsulated length table, dead legs, and sizing a D2 discharge pipe.
Inspecting, Testing, Flushing and Disinfecting a Hot Water System
The commissioning order and why it cannot be shuffled, the visual inspection, the Water Regulations and BS EN 806-4 soundness tests, and disinfection.
Setting an Unvented System to Work, and Handing It Over Properly
The commissioning order and why the pre-charge comes first, the temperatures you prove, flow and balancing, dealing with a defect, and the handover file.
Diagnosing a Hot Water Fault: Three Signatures and Where They Point
What to ask the customer first, how to read a discharge, the three unvented fault signatures, and the four installation defects that hide on a working system.
Servicing and Repairing a Hot Water System, and Handing It Back Safely
Checking an expansion vessel, the six items of an unvented service, thermostats and cut-outs, scale and airlocks, pump and combi faults, and safe isolation.
19 guides on central heating systems
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 333 covers: heat loss, emitter and pipe sizing, controls, wiring, underfloor and fault diagnosis — and where the marks are.
Level 3 Central Heating System Planning and Design: the Unit 333 Guide
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 333 covers: heat loss, emitter and pipe sizing, controls, wiring, underfloor and fault diagnosis — and where the marks are.
One-Pipe, Two-Pipe, Microbore, Open Vented and Sealed
How the four layouts differ, the design temperatures and velocity limits, the neutral point on an open vented system, and where a sealed vessel goes.
Heating Controls and Zoning: S-Plan, Y-Plan, W-Plan and the Interlock
Programmers against timers, zone valves and their wiring, S-plan and Y-plan compared, the 150 square metre zoning rule, and what boiler interlock really is.
Underfloor Heating: Floor Temperatures, Pipework and the Manifold
Why a heated floor is capped at 29 °C, the pipe patterns and insulation figures, pressure testing before the screed, and how a manifold blends and protects.
Low Loss Headers: When to Separate, and When Not To
Why the boiler side and the system side disagree, what a low loss header actually fixes, and the order of preference from no separation to a four-port buffer.
Where a Heating Design Starts: the Brief, the Building and the Documents
What customer needs mean on a design sheet, how the building and fabric-first change the order of work, fuel and efficiency, and which document wins.
Heat Loss Worked Properly: Fabric, Ventilation and the Gains You Ignore
U-values and the 0.33 ventilation factor, the design temperatures inside and out, a room worked end to end, and why solar and appliance gains are left out.
From Watts to Millimetres: Emitters, Boiler Size, Pipes, Pump and Vessel
Correcting catalogue outputs to real temperatures, sizing the boiler and hot water load, flow rate and pipe size, and the index circuit and pump duty.
Where Everything Goes: Boiler, Cylinder, Pump, Valves, Radiators and Pipe
Siting a boiler and cylinder and whose rules win, where a pump works best, the automatic bypass, radiator fixing heights, and clip spacing and insulation.
Installing Underfloor Heating: the Three Constructions and the Pour
Solid, timber and floating floors compared, emission plates and output deductions, the layers before the screed, laying the pipe, and the test and the cure.
Sealed Systems: the Vessel, the Safety Valve and the Filling Loop
Where an expansion vessel goes and what charge pressure it needs, the safety valve rules, backflow protection on a filling loop, and setting the cold fill.
The Electrical Side: Spurs, Certificates, Earthing, Cable and Terminations
Why heating controls are fused at 3 A, checking the existing circuit under 132.16, minor works against an EIC, earthing and bonding sizes, and terminations.
Reading Heating Wiring Diagrams, and the Tests That Prove Them
S-plan, Y-plan and S-plan plus read off a diagram, the wiring centre and pump overrun, the dead test order, and what polarity and earth continuity each prove.
Safe Isolation: the Seven Steps, Proving Dead, and Damaged Cable
The seven-step isolation procedure and the step most often dropped, GS38 instruments and the three readings, and checking an existing installation.
Wiring, Filling and Proving a Heating Control System
Supplying and isolating the controls, running sensor cables, filling with the pump isolated, the visual inspection, the dead tests and the interlock test.
Filling, Soundness Testing and Flushing a Heating System
The five conditions before commissioning, filling and venting in stages, the soundness test pressures and the plastics tests, and the BS 7593 cleaning order.
Setting to Work: Operational Checks, Balancing and Handover
Checking the vessel charge and proving the stats one room at a time, setting the flow temperature, balancing radiators and manifolds, and the handover.
Finding a Heating Fault: Cold Spots, Pumping Over, Pressure Loss and Pumps
Questioning the customer, reading fault codes and flow charts, radiator cold spots, pumping over, pump and valve faults, pressure loss and heat pump patterns.
Putting a Heating Fault Right: the Seven Steps From Diagnosis to Handback
Notifying the client, temporary decommissioning and the compulsory isolation step, replacing like for like, restoring commissioned settings and handing back.
13 guides on sanitation systems
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 334 covers: stack systems, appliances, sizing, rainwater, fault-finding and commissioning — and where the marks actually are.
Level 3 Sanitation System Planning and Design: the Unit 334 Guide
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 334 covers: stack systems, appliances, sizing, rainwater, fault-finding and commissioning — and where the marks actually are.
Sanitary Pipework: Traps, Branch Limits, Stacks and Air Admittance Valves
The documents behind Part H, trap seals and the four ways one is lost, unventilated branch limits, cross-flow and the no connection zone, stacks and AAVs.
Macerators, Lifters, Wet Rooms, WC Flushing and Urinals
How a macerator outlet must run, waste water lifters and disposal units, wet room tanking, appliance numbers and activity spaces, and the flush volume rules.
Cesspools and Septic Tanks: Capacities, Siting and Desludging
The one sentence that separates the two tanks, the capacity figures for each, the siting distances, and why some sludge is deliberately left behind.
Choosing the System: Occupancy, Awkward Layouts, Space and Fire Stopping
What a sanitation design starts from, the distance that decides the stack type, activity spaces from body dimensions, drainage arrangements and fire stopping.
Sizing Sanitary Pipework: Discharge Units, Branches and the Stack
The four system types and when each is used, branch diameter against length and gradient, discharge units and the flow formula, and a stack sized end to end.
Rainwater: Effective Roof Area, Gutter Sizing and Outlet Positions
Why the plan area is not the catchment, the two accepted methods, reading the gutter table, sizing the downpipe, and what quietly takes capacity away.
Finding a Sanitation Fault: Six Ways a Trap Loses Its Seal
What the end user can tell you, smells against slow running, the six causes of seal loss and how each one gives itself away, and macerator and unit faults.
Clearing Blockages, Correcting Workmanship and Re-testing
The three kinds of deposit and the remedy for each, the clearing techniques in order, faults built in on the day, and the tests that prove a repair.
Commissioning Sanitary Pipework: Inspect, Air Test, Performance Test
The running order and why it cannot be shuffled, the visual inspection, safe isolation, the 38 mm air test, why trap seals are tested, and AAV conditions.
Records, Handover and Notification for Sanitation Work
What a commissioning record must contain, the handover file and demonstration, the three notification routes, and the 24 hour notice before drain work.
On Site: the Walk Round, the Air Test and Finding the Leak
Walking the system in the direction of flow, checking traps against the table, setting up and applying the 38 mm test, and locating a leak without damage.
Performance Testing: Self-Siphonage, Induced Siphonage and Compression
Filling to overflowing and taking the worst of three, testing a range for induced siphonage, choosing appliances from Table NG.1, and macerator checks.
12 guides on environmental technology systems
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 335 covers: heat pumps, solar thermal, biomass, rainwater and greywater, siting, planning and advising honestly.
Level 3 Environmental Technology Systems: the Unit 335 Guide
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 335 covers: heat pumps, solar thermal, biomass, rainwater and greywater, siting, planning and advising honestly.
Micro-renewables and Heat Pumps: the Cycle, the Lift and the Collector
Which technology produces what, the refrigeration cycle in order, why lift decides efficiency, defrost faults, the four ground loops and sizing a collector.
Solar Thermal: the Circuit, the Resource, the Roof and the Collector
What a UK system actually delivers, irradiance against insolation, azimuth, tilt and why shading is different in kind, and the collector types compared.
Rainwater Harvesting and Greywater: Collection, Treatment and the Air Gap
The four steps of harvesting and the filter specification, what greywater is and why it cannot be stored, and why category 5 allows only an air gap.
Surveying for Renewables: the Checklist, the Roof, the Supply and the Unit
Why a pre-installation checklist has no pass mark, judging a site for solar, roof loads and area, siting outdoor plant, the DNO, and selecting a heat pump.
Permitted Development: Solar on a Roof and Heat Pumps at a Boundary
What permitted development actually means, the three situations it never covers, the solar dimensions, and why the heat pump rules have moved.
Which Parts Apply, What MCS Is, and How the Work Is Installed
The Parts each technology engages and why J is the wrong answer, law against standards against schemes, the Water Regulations, and barrier pipe and handover.
COP, SCOP and SPF: the Three Figures and Which One Answers the Question
Why a heat pump can be “400 per cent efficient”, what A7/W35 means, how lift sets the number, and why an electricity meter alone cannot give you an SPF.
Heat Pumps Compared: Air, Ground, Collectors, Types and Sizing
What an air source unit is good and bad at, why ground source buys stability, the four collectors, monobloc against split, and how sizing turns into savings.
Solar Thermal: the Solar Fraction, the Efficiency Curve and Stagnation
What a system covers and what it cannot, aperture area against overall area, reading the efficiency curve, and why stagnation is designed into every system.
Rainwater Against Greywater: Which One Suits Which Building
The savings and the strings on rainwater harvesting, why greywater gives a steadier supply, the quality guidelines, and the maintenance the customer inherits.
Comparing the Technologies: Carbon, Cost and Customer Fit
The carbon emission factors that decide everything, the SCOP a heat pump must beat to save carbon against gas, and what to survey before you advise.
13 guides on site procedures
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 336 covers — clients and roles, the law, risk assessments and method statements, programmes, monitoring, pricing and profit.
Level 3 Site Procedures and Planning: the Unit 336 Guide
What City & Guilds 8202-35 Unit 336 covers — clients and roles, the law, risk assessments and method statements, programmes, monitoring, pricing and profit.
Clients, the Chain of Command and Getting a Change in Writing
The three kinds of client and who may approve work, who can give you an instruction, spoken against written, ordering materials, and variation orders.
Who Does What on Site: Design Team, Cost, Management and Craft Levels
Which question goes to the architect, engineer or surveyor, estimator against quantity surveyor, clerk of works against QS, and who may supervise whom.
The Act, CDM, the Regulations Under Them, and the Certificates
Sections 2, 3, 7 and 8 of the Act, CDM duty holders and the domestic client, the regulations that sit underneath, and when a certificate replaces a notice.
Risk Assessments: The Five Steps, Scoring and Control
Hazard versus risk, the HSE five steps, scoring likelihood times consequence, the hierarchy of control, and when to review. Level 3 unit 336.
Site Hazards: Substances, Manual Handling, Height and Energy
Safety data sheets and glycol, avoid-assess-reduce, the real definition of work at height, ladder and harness rules, and safe isolation. Unit 336.
Method Statements: Purpose, Headings and Use on Site
What a method statement is, how it differs from a risk assessment, the standard headings, and how it is accepted, briefed and kept live on site.
Variations: Change Control, Variation Orders and Materials
What counts as a variation, who can authorise one, how a variation order prices cost and time, and how to handle substitutions and damaged goods.
Monitoring Safety and Cost: Induction, Permits and Wastage
Site induction under CDM, PUWER training, permits to work, the RIDDOR seven-day rule, material storage, wastage and the monthly payment application.
Progress, Quality and People: Slippage, Snagging and Poor Work
Accepting the workplace, reporting slippage, interim testing concealed work, snagging and handover records, and dealing with poor work informally first.
Work Programmes: Gantt Charts, Service Schedules and Critical Path
What a work programme shows, which type to use for private, new-build and maintenance work, and how to read a bar chart for dependencies and float.
Planning the Work: Specifications, Notification and Resources
Job specifications, the standards they point to, building control and water undertaker notification, site roles, sequencing, resources and contingency.
Pricing the Work: Contract Types, Take-off and Quotations
Fixed cost, variable cost and cost plus contracts, materials take-off and bills of quantities, a worked price with overheads and profit, and quotations.
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